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Filtration
Once the flocs have settled to the bottom of the water, the clear water on top is filtered to separate additional solids from the water. During filtration, the clear water passes through filters that have different pore sizes and are made of different materials (such as sand, gravel, and charcoal).
These filters remove dissolved particles and germs, such as dust, chemicals, parasites, bacteria, and viruses. Activated carbon filters also remove any bad odours.
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Disinfection
After the water has been filtered, water treatment plants may add one or more chemical disinfectants to kill any remaining parasites, bacteria, or viruses. To help keep water safe as it travels to homes and businesses, water treatment plants will make sure the water has low levels of the chemical disinfectant when it leaves the treatment plant. This remaining disinfectant kills germs living in the pipes between the water treatment plant and your tap.
An ultraviolet unit coupled with a sediment removal pre-filter is an effective way of controlling bacterial contamination in a water supply . The ultraviolet unit is sized according to the flow rate of the system and will need to deliver a UV dose rate of 40mJ/cm² to destroy the DNA of the bacteria.